Sunday, 4 January 2026

Chingeli che Babaana

 

Kinds of Children in Bukusu Household

(With the complements of Masika Wamalwa)

 


1.     Simakulu/Omubele: Omwana we khuranga mulukoba- The first seed, the first among his/her siblings. They often mature before their time, barely with luxury to enjoy their childhood.  The usually tasked with taking care of siblings and would, in adult life, guide/speak for the family when situation demands of them.

 

2.     Omutuwa: The last child born from parents; the youngest among his or her siblings. If male, he’ll be given land close to the ageing parents, to take care of them.

 

3.     Omutelwa: The only child of his/her parents; enyuma mbayo, ebweni mbayo. If male, the child may go by ‘Makokha’ as his name.

 

4.     Omuboelela: One born after several stillbirths- others before him/her died in infancy. A special ritual is undertaken for fate and ancestors to spare its life that he/she may last in good health.

 

5.     Owe khuluya: A legitimate son or daughter of the household; may be omubele, omutuwa or middle sibling. If male, he is fully entitled to family wealth and resources during succession. If female, she will be eligible to all kimilukha kie sitekho as the mother before her; 1. Khumuselela 2. Khukhwikhasia eng’anana 3. Khumutisa 4. Khuboa chinyinja 5. Khumuakha 6. Khukhola sitekho 7. Khutumia kamayiika.

 

6.     Omukhwana: A child who has a twin sibling, identical or otherwise. Mukhwana is the first to emerge from the mother’s womb, followed by Mulongo. In a ritual no longer practiced today, when one bore twins as the first seed, was ill omen- and one (or both) had to be put down.

 

7.     Owe chikhafu: A child born in esimba (cottage); father bore him in his teenage years. He later has to pay a price ( cattle) for the child to be formally enjoined in the family. Such a child does not accompany the mother to live in the new home. Until the ceremony is done, the child may not be part of succession plans.

 

8.     Owe mumasikamo: A child born of parents (usually the father) who are in advanced age (omukofu). Owe mumakhola- one born when the mother is aged.

 

9.     Owechela khumukongo: He/she who came on the mother’s back. A child from a clan different from the father, with its mother getting married when its already born. If male, he may be denied inheritance upon maturity in the home, unless the father wills as so.  

 

10.  Omunandulo; Owecha nakenda- He/she came with the mother but as a toddler not as an infant. Owe ekhukunyu- one who came while already in the mother’s womb (pregnant).

 

11.  Sisinyalila mumoni/sichikhi sie khungila: A discriminative term in which a woman uses in referring to a co-wife’s child (nabulobe vs nabukelema). It is a derogative term often depicting embalikha within a polygamous home.

 

12.  Nasio we bakhana/we basoreri: A child whose siblings are of the other gender. Like only son among daughters or only daughter among the sons.

 

13.   Omufuubi: A child whose parents are deceased, either one or both of them.

 

14.  Owe mungabo: A child brought in war times, often gifted to a barren woman or one with diffclty in giving birth.

 

Other terminologies;

  • -       Omwana owe mumbanyafu:
  • -       Omwana we mumakhola
  • -       Omukhala muandu
  • -       Omwana we khukhukunyu
  • -       Omukhana vs Nasikoko vs omukoko nakhobwa 

Tuesday, 23 December 2025

Words for the Natural & Built Environment in Lubukusu

1. Kumusiru - A large and dense forested area; covered with trees and thicket.

2. Sichakha - A bush or thicket, often without tall or huge trees. ‎

3. Sichiimi – Uninhabited lands, forested, open or rugged. 

4. ‎Kumubimbi – They are vast lands that are yet to be occupied by any people‎. 

5. Mundaa – It is general term for wilderness, inhabited by snakes and wild game. ‎

6. Lusambu – It refers to ancestral lands for growing crops and communal living. 

7. ‎‎Lukulu - Hilly, sloppy lands or mountain ranges. Some have fertile volcanic soil for growing crops others covered with bare rock with thicket. 

8. Lukuku (elembe) - opposite of lukulu, broad, flat level lands.

9. Khatuluku – A knoll, or a very small hill.‎

10. Emayo – This is nestled valley, often at the feet of hills or mountains. ‎

11. Ekewa -This is meadow which is open, flat lands, usually wetland. 

12. ‎Situti – This is land bordering river, usually fertile for growing crops (kumukunda kwe ekewa) 

13. ‎Siangalamwe - Arid or patched dry land, usually unsuitable for cultivation (desert-like) ‎

14. Libumbi – It is a small parcel of land near homestead, usually composited (with manure) ‎

15. Silundu – A small parcel of land nearby the homestead for growing chinyenyi nende nasimia yekhuranga (kumukunda kwe khwitikii) 

16. ‎Lirome - Resting fallow land, left uncultivated for a while to regain fertility or waiting next planting season. 

17. ‎Sichaki - A parcel of land left for parents (widow or widower) after the family land division to the children. ‎

18. Luyekhe – Dry, loose sandy lands‎. 

19. Lurambasi – Heavy moist clay lands

20. Lulwanda- A rock outcrop, bare rock with little or no visible soil. 

21. Luluchi/khakhechi- A flowing river.

22. Enyanja – A large body of water, lake or sea. 

Other terms;

Liroro...
Litisi...
Liyabo...
Sitolola...
Lurare...
Kumwombe...
Sinoko...
Lukhuna...
Engakha... 
Sirende... 
Lutalalia
Silikwa... 
Elondo... 
Silongo... 


#Omukhana silundu

#Omukhana lukhafwa lwambukha enyanja

Saturday, 13 December 2025

Movement & Motion in Lubukusu

 

 


1.     Khukenda: The normal walking pace, especially for an adult.

 

2.     Khukendelesia: To walk with a fast pace, like trying to catch up with a person in front of you.

 

3.     Khukhwikhoyoola (khukhwikhoyosia): Making slow, lazy or unwanted walk, like a person dragging themselves because they don’t want to tag along.

 

4.     Khusesela (khukenda butima): Faster walk with brief runs, like escaping some danger.

 

5.     Khumasia (khunausia): Walking with larger steps, usually by a talk or muscular person.

 

6.     Khutima: Making a run, usually planned, not out of surprise or attack.

 

7.     Khutubilisia: Making fast but short steps, usually for children

 

8.     Khuyeyela: (khukenda sifwakani)- Walking fast in a clumsy or haphazard way.

 

9.     Khubundabunda (khukenda bwongelela): Walking with evasive maneuver such as walking and bending to hide in thicket to avoid being seen.

 

10.  Khutiekela (khukenda noikila): To walk with unstable gait, like if hurt in one leg.

 

11.  Khubundukulukha: A run made by a very short person

 

12.  Khupukuta: When a small child breaks into a run

 

13.  Khufumbusia: In hunting, when a hare or deer bolts out into a run from where they were hiding.

 

14.  Khufwakhanya: Laboured walk such in thick grass or swampy area, requiring great effort to made strides.

 

15.  Khurwandukha: Breaking into a sudden run out of instinct, as a way to escape possible danger.

 

16.  Khutabataba: Walking on unsteady gait, as though when a person is dizzy or nauseous.

 

17.  Khunyakhanyakha (khutima sichula): Fast movement, often attributed to a naked person at night.

 

18.  Khurabaraba: Running with heavy, muffled steps such as when an overweight person attempts to run.

 

 

19.  Khukhwekhunuusia (khukheyuula): Very fast movement of a person so that you only catch a glimpse of their shadow or silhouette.

 

20.  Khubayabaya: A noisy run usually by a person with oversized clothing.

 

21.  Khuabina: A sudden invasion where an enemy appear from all directions.

 

22.  Khutalitala: An unsteady walk by an intoxicated person.

 

23.  Khuracha: To walk in unison, such as in a slow dance by a group of people.

 

Other terms for motion include;

 

24.  Khukwekilimita

25.  Khukhwetuliaka

26.  Khutirimuka

27.  Khumetula/khumetukha

28.  Khususuma

29.  Khukhwisota

30.  Khubutiakila

 

Monday, 8 December 2025

Bukusu Sacred Places

 



Every community has places of cultural significance, in which the people have spiritual connection to their inner self.

All around the world, religions (including Abrahamic religions- Christianity, Islam and Judaism) recommend their followers to visit their holy places at least once every year. These include the Western Wall, Cave of Abraham, Makar or the Vatican.

In African spirituality, certain places are held as sacred due to spiritual renewal, healing or carrying out specific rituals.

As part of the colonial project, the pink man demonized our way of spirituality, shamed us for speaking our tongue, and even destroyed our revered places.

Among the Babukusu and Bukusu speaking clan groups, the following are some of places with spiritual significance;

1.     Bukusu Hill in Masaaba (overlooking Tororo town); where old accounts narrate how the body of Maina Nalukale transformed having been disgraced by Namunguba, wamwikeleka mungubo (had an affair with his youngest wife). What was the mystery of the busaa pots following Maina’s disappearance connect to this ancient hill? And how did the lake in Ebukobelo connect to the tears of this diviner?

 

2.     Mwiala lia Mango: Mango from the house of Bwayo of the Bakhurarwa clan, is known to restart the practice of circumcision among Babukusu in 1700s. He was a daring and courageous warrior who took on the menacing snake serpent of Yabebe. His heroic conquest meant a great deal to Babukusu. The events in this cave changed the history and pride of Babukusu, even in the eyes of Barwa neighbors.

 

3.     Sikulu sia Buyemba and Bubuya: Learn about the contest on Buyemba hill involving kamabele kamayu and kamabou.

 

4.     The Forts of Kitalie, Lumboka and Mumia: They were places that fearsome Bukusu warriors waged war with colonial invaders. Wakoli Omusawa Sikala, son of Mukisu Lufwalula (Omuyemba Omukhayama) led the conquest at Lumboka in 1895.

 

5.     Sikulu sia Chetambe: The survivors of Lumboka made a formidable stand against colonialist in last memorable war at Chetambe hill. In the ultimate sacrifice, hundreds of warriors gave their sweat, blood and even life on this mountain.

 

6.     River Khamukoya: From the lineage of Makutukutu, Mango’s forerunner, there arose a rarely gifted diviner- Manyi Omukhurarwa. In quest to finish off Barwa Banamulinge, a team of Bukusu warriors approached Manyi for counsel; Mamayi Wamamba, Wesi wa Mukwele, Mayote wa Manana, and Yusia wa Weng’ang’a among others. Despite sound counsel, they are misled resulting in an unimaginable slaughter in this river.

 

7.     Mwibale lia Namakanda (’Sikele Sia Mulya’’) in Sang’alo; Learn the legend of Mulia  Omulunda, a man with uncanny powers. How could he manage to leave his and animals’ footprint on bare rock?

 

8.     Others include; Luukulu lwa Masaaba (Mt. Elgon), River Malaba (Lwakhakha) and Kumufunje (the swinging River Nzoia crossing)

 

These and other places hold immense significance to Bukusu community. They connect us to the past, to those who walked before us. As we learn their stories, we connect with them, and understand our authentic identity as a people. Learn about these places and visit them, whenever you can. They carry our sacred history and cultural weight.

I have spoken.

 

 

 

Wednesday, 24 September 2025

Bukusu Circumcision Age-sets in 18th to 20th Century

 


 

1. Bibingilo bie Babukusu

Sikananachi sia Libusi: 1788

a)    Sikenda sia Wanyama – 1792

b)    Sikenda sia Mulewa – 1794

c)    Sia Wambirira – 1796

d)    Sia Namwanya – 1798

e)    Sia Misanga – 1810

 

2.    Sikinyikewi sia Wabusundi: 1812

a)    Sia Wachibondo (Ebumaraki) – 1814

b)    Sia Sengeli wa Wambirira – 1816

c)    Sia Nakhokho – 1818

d)    Sia Wachiye Wamusaba – 1824

 

3.    Sisinyange sia Masafu: 1826

a)    Sia Khafululu – 1828

b)    Sia Kisenge wa Wakuta – 1832

c)    Sia Mukhwana – 1834

d)    Sia Bakisila – 1836

e)    Sia Nasiombe – 1838

 

4.    Simaina ya Silima – 1842

a)    Sia Makheti wa Nelima – 1844

b)    Sia Wachiye – 1846

c)    Sia Khalundu – 1848

d)    Sia Wamburele Wamutubile – 1852

e)    Sia Nakhoba – 1854

 

5.    Sichuma: 1856

a)    Sia Masai – 1858

b)    Sia Ng’eniesi – 1862

c)    Sia …….. – 1864

d)    Sia Khawape – 1866

e)    Sia Khalundu – 1868

f)     Sia Machukhu – 1872

g)    Sia Nabitandanyi – 1874

 

6.    Sisawa sia Sikala : 1876

a)    Sia Maliongobi – 1878

b)    Sia Masai – 1892

c)    Sia Namukhalaki – 1894

d)    Sia Misiko – 1896

e)    Sia Nanyende – 1898

 

7.    Sikolongolo sia Nandemu- 1900

a)    Sia Nabiswa – 1902

b)    Sia Bisuche – 1904

c)    Sia Manyonge – 1906

d)    Sia Biketi – 1908

e)    Sia Khaoya – 1910

 

8.    Sikukwameti sia Namiranda: 1912

a)    Sia Matifari – 1914

b)    Sia Bitunguu – 1916

c)    Sia Keya – 1918

d)    Sia Mutoka – 1920

e)    Sia Mabachi – 1922

 

 

 

From:

·         Bayiitu Clan Archives

·         Bayiitu be Kibingei/Siuna, Sichei, Kimalewa

·         Compiled 79 years ago: 28th Nov 1946